Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

نویسنده

  • Dean M. Wingerchuk
چکیده

The last decade has witnessed rapid developments in the clinical understanding and scienti fi c foundati on of neuromyeliti s opti ca (NMO). The landmark events were the late 19th century report by Devic and Gault describing the associati on of severe acute transverse myeliti s and opti c neuriti s and the late 20th century discovery that the syndrome was associated with a specifi c autoanti body, NMO-IgG, that targets the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4).1 Between these events, there were numerous case series suggesti ng that the disorder usually followed a relapsing course (rather than being monophasic) and pathological studies, which were limited to technology of the ti me, revealed infl ammatory demyelinati ng lesions of the opti c nerve and spinal cord with sparing of the brain. There was ongoing debate about the relati onship between NMO and multi ple sclerosis (MS), the prototypic and relati vely common (one per thousand populati on) but whether NMO was disti nct or simply a subset of MS was not resolvable with the available science.

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تاریخ انتشار 2012